1. What I did?
Monday, October 29, 2007
Treatise Summary
1. What I did?
Sunday, October 14, 2007
Clustering Experiments
Sunday, October 7, 2007
Custom Lingo Document Clustering Application
Saturday, September 29, 2007
Removal of Fuzzy Documents
What am I left with?
How are these clusters distributed?
In the above chart, only clusters with greater than 50 documents are included. That is, clusters whose documents represent greater than 0.6% of the corpus. These are the 'top 15' documents, and in total they account for 91.4% of all documents. The rest are allocated to other: 774 documents. The 'top two' clusters represent 68% of all documents, and thus this dataset is not normally distributed.
Tuesday, September 18, 2007
Text Mining Application
The above diagram illustrates a summary of the information retrieval and document preprocessing implementation of text mining employed by both KEA and Carrot2 (however, with Carrot2 specifically geared for web search results). As eluded to on the post on September 2, Carrot2 explicitly uses Apache Lucene 2.2 (adjusted for web search resutls) to facilitate the above processes. Each broadly undertakes each of -> points depicted in the central box, except for the marked [] which relates to the KEA controlled indexing approach to text mining. The other marking within this box * ear-marks variation between the two text mining schemes and well as signing options within the individual schemes. Each is now considered:
1. Stemming: there are a number of implicit options available to both schemes with regards to stemming-
a. Lovins Stemmer: the most aggressive stemmer, with some 294 nested rules;
b. Porter Stemmer: this more subdued approach has some 37 rules;
c. Partial Porter Stemmer: the Porter Stemmer has 5 multi-part stages which allow the "miner" to be more or be less conservative in their stemming process. The first stage Porter stemmer is a popular methodology, handling basic plurals e.g. horses becomes horse, processes becomes process, men does not become man; and
d. No Stemmer.
2. Stop words: KEA defines some 499 stop-words, Carrot2 some 324 stop-words (adjusted lucene), lucene only some 33 and the Brown Corpus some 425 (Sharma et Raman, 2003).
3. Vocabularies: This is only relevant to KEA. The "miner" is able to dicate a dictionary, thesaurus or list of terms when undertaking controlled indexing. Also, in terms of implementation, these can be in either text form or resourse description format ("rdf"). A number of popular vocabularies are in circulation, including the integrated public servicevocabulary ("ipsv") and the agrovoc vocoabulary.
How do these options affect clustering?
There are essentially horses for courses. That is, a particular data set or text mining experiment may require more aggressive or more conservative preprocessing.
How do these systems relate to my thesis?
I am now working on the specific implementation of clustering: LSA/SVD & description comes first - replacing KEA's NaiveBayes classifier with Carrot2's lingo algorithm. These frameworks are both java based and open-source.
KEA provides a very suitable fit with my experiments, as it is not based on an index of Internet search results but instead a directory of text files. Carrot2's lingo is an unsupervised approach to learning and hence allows for clustering. A potential shortfall of this approach is that lingo uses LSA/SVD and hence forms a term-document matrix- thus unsuitable for scalability considering the size of my proposed Reuters-21450 dataset (see also post relating to pre-preprocssing of this dataset). I have a number of papers which focus on such constraints (i.e. using smaller term dictionaries, more aggressive stemming [as eluded to above], retricting the number of identified phrases - either by increasing minimum phrase length or increasing maximum phrase length, etc). This leads to, adapting Carrot2 for the purposes of larger datasets.
What are the limitations of such an approach?
Initial complexities associated with such an approach:
1. The purpose of Lingo2 is to create more understandable cluster labels, thus a tension exists between label quality (as well as associated cluster quality in description comes first) and scalability;
2. Even with very aggressive stemming, scalability may still be an issue -that is, the size of the dataset too large for such experiments. I could therefore reduce the number of concepts and associated documents.
Alternatively, I could adopt a different dataset. In so much I could undertake similar experiments to those reported on the KEA website. In these experiments, the group use the controlled agrovac vocabulary to extract key phrases from agricultural documents. I could extract phrases using the unsupervised KEA algorithm and compare the keyphrases as extracted using the adapted carrot2 scheme. That is, using the same extraction and preprocessing techniques and allowing for different clustering and resultant keyphrase extraction outcomes; and
3. Measuring cluster label quality and associated cluster quality - I have undertaking further research into this issue beyond my previous research.
Monday, September 3, 2007
Preprocessing Reuters-21450 Dataset
Sunday, September 2, 2007
Proposed Carrot2 Framework
Using Carrot2 API and source code to resource a lot of the peripheral text mining services allows for a stable environment through which to test the effect of changes to the assumed key phrase on the outcomes of clustering.